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The Daily Signal
Here’s Why
Budget Cuts Have Nothing to Do With Developing an Ebola Vaccine
Melissa Quinn
October 17, 2014
Some government health officials have joined Democrats in blaming the
lack of an Ebola vaccine on budget cuts orchestrated by Republicans.
However, more federal funding likely would not have led to creation of
a vaccine to combat the deadly disease, since pharmaceutical companies
had little incentive to do so.
In addition, a review of federal budget figures by The Daily Signal
shows that in recent years steady funding has been available for
programs related to vaccines, which can take many years to develop.
What’s more, Ebola is absent from the relevant strategic plan within
the National Institutes of Health.
NIH Director Francis Collins said last week that cuts to his agency’s
budget prevented researchers from developing a vaccine for Ebola.
The claim by Dr. Collins in an interview with The Huffington Post
angered some knowledgeable observers. They pointed to questionable
NIH-funded studies and research initiatives over the years: one
exploring why lesbians tend to be overweight compared to gay men,
another on the sex lives of fruit flies and another looking into the
communication skills of chimpanzees that throw their own feces.
“Entitlement spending on health care and retirement benefits, together
with interest on the debt, is responsible for 85 percent of the
projected spending increase over the next decade,” Romina Boccia, a
Heritage Foundation expert on the federal budget, told The Daily
Signal.
“Without entitlement reform,” Boccia added, “science agencies and their
private sector counterparts should prepare for further budget
reductions.”
Boccia noted that the government’s own documents show NIH spending
hovered around $30 billion from 2010 to 2013. The current request puts
spending at the same level.
Over that period, the budget of the National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases, the relevant unit within NIH for Ebola, fluctuated
between $4.3 billion and $4.8 billion. In his request for fiscal year
2015, President Obama proposed $4.4 billion.
According to the World Health Organization, two dozen Ebola outbreaks
claimed the lives of roughly 1,500 persons since the disease’s
discovery in 1976 — far less than the 4,400 killed so far overseas in
the current outbreak.
“We were struggling for years to get [private sector] partners” to
develop a vaccine, Anthony Fauci, director of the infectious diseases
branch of NIH, said yesterday in testimony before a House Energy and
Commerce subcommittee hearing.
Other infectious diseases such as AIDS warranted increased attention,
research and funding from the NIH and Fauci’s unit, which researches
infectious, immunologic and allergic diseases.
Over the past year, the NIH unit for infectious diseases has issued
fewer than five solicitations for vaccine development, according to a
review of contracting opportunities posted by the agency. Those
solicitations, however, focus on HIV/AIDS through the agency’s AIDS
division. No funding opportunities are posted for development of an
Ebola vaccine.
No Mention of Ebola in Agency’s Strategic Plan
When deciding research priorities, Fauci’s unit adheres to a strategic
plan to “guide future decision making.” Its 2013 blueprint identified
three areas of emphasis relating to biodefense and emerging diseases,
the category under which Ebola specifically falls: biology of pathogens
and host-pathogen interactions; medical interventions such as
diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics; and global health research.
This fiscal year, the infectious diseases branch allocated $1.32
billion to biodefense and emerging infectious diseases — the
third-highest level of funding behind HIV/AIDS research ($1.38 billion)
and research grants projects ($2.6 billion). The trend continues in
Obama’s request for fiscal 2015.
In its strategic plan, the agency specifically mentions malaria,
influenza and hepatitis C, among others. Although influenza is
mentioned more than 14 times, Ebola is not addressed once.
“There’s nothing magical about getting a drug or vaccine for Ebola,”
Fauci told The Huffington Post, adding:
We likely would’ve had it years ago if there were major investments on
the part of a company. The scientific challenges are not profound.
The infectious diseases branch at NIH did not respond to The Daily
Signal’s request for comment.
How NIH Prioritizes Vaccines, Other Research Projects
According to a March report from the Government Accountability Office,
the agency often must prioritize which research projects, such as an
Ebola vaccine, receive funding.
The GAO found that institutions within NIH take into account four
criteria before allocating money for potential research projects:
scientific needs and opportunities, limited funded research, threat to
a population and public health need.
That means Fauci’s branch of NIH did not regard Ebola as a top priority
prior to the current outbreak. It has produced two known patients who
contracted the disease in America — both Dallas nurses who had treated
an infected visitor from Liberia who later died.
If NIH were to call on pharmaceuti cal companies to develop a drug to
fight Ebola, it could take years to do so.
An AIDS vaccine has been in development for more than 30 years, Dr.
Larry Liao, research director of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute, told
The Daily Signal. Other vaccines, such as for measles, are developed
much quicker, he said.
“In the case of Ebola,” Liao said, “it’s a very difficult process.”
In the past, he said, there were few cases of Ebola, which made it
“difficult [for the private sector] to take a stance to invest in this.”
Because the disease has spread in West Africa, interest has grown, Liao
said:
This is now a national interest. The government has to take a
leadership role in terms of money, resources and everything.
Vaccines and Treatments to Fight Ebola
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, several
companies are developing experimental treatments or vaccines to fight
Ebola.
Since the outbreak in Africa, the best known has been ZMapp, which was
given to the two American medical missionaries diagnosed with Ebola
while overseas, Fauci said yesterday.
The treatment proved to be effective when tested on animals. However,
Fauci warned, doctors don’t know yet whether the treatment “benefited
these patients,” and few treatment courses have been manufactured.
Fauci said the Department of Defense is working in conjunction with NIH
to test both vaccines and therapeutics, which doctors give to those
already infected with a disease.
One Canadian-made vaccine, called cAd3-EBO-Z, has been tested on
primates and clinical trials on humans are beginning, the Associated
Press reported.
“It’s important to prove that it is safe and effective,” Fauci said of
the treatments.
The Food and Drug Administration has not approved any Ebola vaccines.
New treatments must go through three phases and be tested on both
primates and humans, Liao told The Daily Signal. With Ebola, though,
testing vaccines on humans can be dangerous since trial groups must be
infected with the disease.
One AIDS vaccine received a good response in primates but elicited a
vastly different response from humans, Liao said.
“It takes time to really go through the scientific process,” he said.
Read the article with links and photos at The Daily Signal
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